COMPOSITION AND PLOT OF THE ODYSSEY.
奥德赛的构成和情节。

The Odyssey is generally supposed to be somewhat the later in date of the two most ancient Greek poems which are concerned with the events and consequences of the Trojan war. —
通常认为奥德赛是希腊两部最古老的诗歌之一，涉及特洛伊战争的事件和后果。 —

As to the actual history of that war, it may be said that nothing is known. —
至于那场战争的实际历史，可以说是一无所知。 —

We may conjecture that some contest between peoples of more or less kindred stocks, who occupied the isles and the eastern and western shores of the Aegean, left a strong impression on the popular fancy. —
我们可以猜测，在爱琴海周围的岛屿以及东西岸的同族民族之间的某种竞争对民众的想象力产生了极强的影响。 —

Round the memories of this contest would gather many older legends, myths, and stories, not peculiarly Greek or even ‘Aryan,’ which previously floated unattached, or were connected with heroes whose fame was swallowed up by that of a newer generation. —
围绕这场竞争的记忆会聚集许多旧传说、神话和故事，这些故事不是特别关于希腊人，甚至不是关于‘雅利安’人，之前漂浮着孤立存在，或是与那些因较新一代英雄而消失的人的名声有关的连接。 —

It would be the work of minstrels, priests, and poets, as the national spirit grew conscious of itself, to shape all these materials into a definite body of tradition. —
随着民族精神意识到自己，吟游诗人、神职人员和诗人将所有这些材料塑造成一整套明确的传统。 —

This is the rule of development — first scattered stories, then the union of these into a NATIONAL legend. —
发展的规则是首先分散的故事，然后将这些故事合并成一个全国性的传说。 —

The growth of later national legends, which we are able to trace, historically, has generally come about in this fashion. —
我们能够按照这种方式追溯到的后来全国性传说的发展，通常是这样发生的。 —

To take the best known example, we are able to compare the real history of Charlemagne with the old epic poems on his life and exploits. —
以最著名的例子为例，我们能够将查理曼的真实历史与有关他的古老史诗进行比较。 —

In these poems we find that facts are strangely exaggerated, and distorted; —
在这些诗中我们发现事实被奇怪地夸大和扭曲； —

that purely fanciful additions are made to the true records, that the more striking events of earlier history are crowded into the legend of Charles, that mere fairy tales, current among African as well as European peoples, are transmuted into false history, and that the anonymous characters of fairy tales are converted into historical personages. —
纯粹的幻想性的东西被加到了真实记录中，较早历史中更引人注目的事件被挤进查理的传说中，单纯的童话故事，非洲和欧洲民族都在流传，被转变成了错误的历史，匿名的童话故事角色被转化成历史人物。 —

We can also watch the process by which feigned genealogies were constructed, which connected the princely houses of France with the imaginary heroes of the epics. —
我们也能够观察到编造的族谱是如何构建的，将法国的王室与史诗中虚构的英雄连接起来。 —

The conclusion is that the poetical history of Charlemagne has only the faintest relations to the true history. —
结论是，查理曼的诗歌史仅与真实历史有极少的关系。 —

And we are justified in supposing that, quite as little of the real history of events can be extracted from the tale of Troy, as from the Chansons de Geste.
我们有理由认为，无论是从特洛伊传说中，还是从冒险史诗中，都无法提取出事件的真实历史。

By the time the Odyssey was composed, it is certain that a poet had before him a well-arranged mass of legends and traditions from which he might select his materials. —
到奥德赛被创作的时候，诗人肯定在他面前有一个精心安排的传说和传统的群体，可以从中选择他的材料。 —

The author of the Iliad has an extremely full and curiously consistent knowledge of the local traditions of Greece, the memories which were cherished by Thebans, Pylians, people of Mycenae, of Argos, and so on. —
《伊利亚特》的作者对希腊各地的传统非常了解，他对底比斯、比利亚人、邁錫尼人、阿爾戈斯人等人所珍藏的记忆有着异常丰富且奇妙一致的了解。 —

The Iliad and the Odyssey assume this knowledge in the hearers of the poems, and take for granted some acquaintance with other legends, as with the story of the Argonautic Expedition. —
《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》假定听众对这些诗歌中提到的本地传说有所了解，并且认为他们对其他传说有一定的了解，比如阿尔戈英雄的传说。 —

Now that story itself is a tissue of popular tales — still current in many distant lands — but all woven by the Greek genius into the history of Iason.
现在这个故事本身就是一个流传广泛的民间故事——在许多遥远的地方仍然流传——但都被希腊人才华横溢地编织成了伊阿宋的历史。

The history of the return of Odysseus as told in the Odyssey, is in the same way, a tissue of old marchen. —
《奥德赛》中讲述奥德修斯返回的故事，同样也是一系列古老传说的结晶。 —

These must have existed for an unknown length of time before they gravitated into the cycle of the tale of Troy.
这些传说在进入特洛伊传说循环之前，必然已经存在了很长一段时间。

The extraordinary artistic skill with which legends and myths, originally unconnected with each other, are woven into the plot of the Odyssey, so that the marvels of savage and barbaric fancy become indispensable parts of an artistic whole, is one of the chief proofs of the unity of authorship of that poem. —
《奥德赛》中传奇和神话被以极其出色的艺术技巧编织到情节中，使得野蛮和野蛮幻想成为整体艺术作品中不可或缺的部分，这是证明这首诗有统一作者的主要依据之一。 —

We now go on to sketch the plot, which is a marvel of construction.
我们接下来将概述这个情节，这是一部构思精巧的奇迹。

Odysseus was the King of Ithaca, a small and rugged island on the western coast of Greece. —
奥德修斯是伊萨卡岛的国王，这是希腊西部海岸的一个小而崎岖的岛屿。 —

When he was but lately married to Penelope, and while his only son Telemachus was still an infant, the Trojan war began. —
当他刚刚与潘洛普结婚，他唯一的儿子忒勒玛科什还是个婴儿时，特洛伊战争开始了。 —

It is scarcely necessary to say that the object of this war, as conceived of by the poets, was to win back Helen, the wife of Menelaus, from Paris, the son of Priam, King of Troy. As Menelaus was the brother of Agamemnon, the Emperor, so to speak, or recognised chief of the petty kingdoms of ‘Greece, the whole force of these kingdoms was at his disposal. —
需要指出的是，诗人所描绘的这场战争的目的，是为了从特洛伊国王普里阿姆的儿子帕里斯那里夺回梅涅拉奥斯的妻子海伦。梅涅拉奥斯是阿伽门农的兄弟，可以说是希腊各小国的“皇帝”，整个希腊各国的力量都在他的支配之下。 —

No prince came to the leaguer of Troy from a home more remote than that of Odysseus. —
没有任何王子像奥德修斯一样，从一个更远的地方前来围攻特洛伊城。 —

When Troy was taken, in the tenth year of the war, his homeward voyage was the longest and most perilous.
当特洛伊城被攻陷，战争进行了十年，他的归程是最漫长而危险的。

The action of the Odyssey occupies but the last six weeks of the ten years during which Odysseus was wandering. —
《奥德赛》的故事发生在奥德修斯流浪的十年中的最后六周。 —

Two nights in these six weeks are taken up, however, by his own narrative of his adventures (to the Phaeacians, p. —
然而，在这六周中的两个夜晚，被他用来讲述自己在之前十年中的冒险经历（对菲亚基亚人讲述，第20页）。 —

xx) in the previous ten years. With this explanatory narrative we must begin, before coming to the regular action of the poem.
有了这个解释性的叙述，我们必须在继续叙事之前开始。

After the fall of Troy, Odysseus touched at Ismarus, the city of a Thracian people, whom he attacked and plundered, but by whom he was at last repulsed. —
特洛伊城陷落后，奥德修斯来到了伊斯马洛斯，这是一个由他攻击并掠夺的色雷斯人的城市，但最后他被击退。 —

The north wind then carried his ships to Malea, the extreme southern point of Greece. —
北风随后将他的船舶带到了希腊的最南端马里亚点。 —

Had he doubled Malea safely, he would probably have reached Ithaca in a few days, would have found Penelope unvexed by wooers, and Telemachus a boy of ten years old. —
如果他顺利绕过马里亚点，很可能几天内就会抵达伊萨卡，潘洛普没有被追求者所困扰，忒勒玛科什还是一个十岁的男孩。 —

But this was not to be.
但这并没有发生。

The ‘ruinous winds’ drove Odysseus and his ships for ten days, and on the tenth they touched the land of the Lotus-Eaters, whose flowery food causes sweet forgetfulness. —
“毁灭性的风”连续十天将奥德修斯和他的船只吹至陌生之地，第十天登陆了仙境之地莲花岛，那里的花朵会带来甘甜的忘却。 —

Lotus-land was possibly in Western Libya, but it is more probable that ten days’ voyage from the southern point of Greece, brought Odysseus into an unexplored region of fairy-land. —
莲花岛可能位于利比亚西部，但更可能是从希腊南端航行十天后，奥德修斯来到了一个未被探索的仙境地区。 —

Egypt, of which Homer had some knowledge, was but five days’ sail from Crete.
埃及，荷马有一定了解，距离克里特岛只有五天航程。

Lotus-land, therefore, being ten days’ sail from Malea, was well over the limit of the discovered world. —
天堂之地，因此，距离马兰角有十天航程，已经远离已知世界的范围。 —

From this country Odysseus went on till he reached the land of the lawless Cyclopes, a pastoral people of giants. —
奥德修斯从这个国家前往，直到到达了无法无天的环眼人之地，一个牧羊的巨人部落。 —

Later Greece feigned that the Cyclopes dwelt near Mount Etna, in Sicily. —
后来希腊传说环眼人居住在西西里岛埃特纳火山附近。 —

Homer leaves their place of abode in the vague. —
荷马并未明确指出他们的居住地。 —

Among the Cyclopes, Odysseus had the adventure on which his whole fortunes hinged. —
在环眼人之中，奥德修斯经历了整个命运的关键事件。 —

He destroyed the eye of the cannibal giant, Polyphemus, a son of Poseidon, the God of the Sea. To avenge this act, Poseidon drove Odysseus wandering for ten long years, and only suffered him to land in Ithaca, ‘alone, in evil case, to find troubles in his house. —
他毁了食人巨人波利费摩斯的眼睛，波赛冬海神之子。为了报复这一行为，波赛冬让奥德修斯漂泊了十年之久，只允许他孤身一人降落在伊萨卡岛，「孤独，处境困难，在家中找到麻烦。 —

’ This is a very remarkable point in the plot. —
这是情节中一个非常显著的点。 —

The story of the crafty adventurer and the blinding of the giant, with the punning device by which the hero escaped, exists in the shape of a detached marchen or fairy-tale among races who never heard of Homer. And when we find the story among Oghuzians, Esthonians, Basques, and Celts, it seems natural to suppose that these people did not break a fragment out of the Odyssey, but that the author of the Odyssey took possession of a legend out of the great traditional store of fiction. —
这个狡猾冒险者和巨人的致盲故事，以及英雄逃脱的双关设备，在从未听过荷马的民族中以独立的童话故事形式存在。当我们发现这个故事在奥古兹人、爱沙尼亚人、巴斯克人和凯尔特人中出现时，很自然地可以假设这些人并没有从《奥德赛》中挖出一个片段，而是《奥德赛》的作者占有了伟大传统虚构故事库中的一个传说。 —

From the wide distribution of the tale, there is reason to suppose that it is older than Homer, and that it was not originally told of Odysseus, but was attached to his legend, as floating jests of unknown authorship are attributed to eminent wits. —
由于这个故事的广泛传播，有理由认为它比荷马还要古老，最初并不是关于奥德修斯的故事，而是附着在他的传说上的。就像未知作者的浮动笑话被归因于杰出的机智人物一样。 —

It has been remarked with truth that in this episode Odysseus acts out of character, that he is foolhardy as well as cunning. —
有人指出，在这一插曲中，奥德修斯的行为不符合他的性格，他既鲁莽又狡猾。 —

Yet the author of the Odyssey, so far from merely dove-tailing this story at random into his narrative, has made his whole plot turn on the injury to the Cyclops. —
然而，《奥德赛》的作者并非仅仅随意地把这个故事嵌入到他的叙事中，他让整个情节都围绕着对环眼人的伤害展开。 —

Had he not foolishly exposed himself and his companions, by his visit to the Cyclops, Odysseus would never have been driven wandering for ten weary years. —
如果奥德修斯没有冒险去环眼人那里，自己和伙伴就永远不会被迫漂泊十年。 —

The prayers of the blinded Cyclops were heard and fulfilled by Poseidon.
被致盲的环眼人的祈祷被波塞冬听到并实现了。

From the land of the Cyclops, Odysseus and his company sailed to the Isle of Aeolus, the king of the winds. —
从环眼人之地，奥德修斯和他的同伴航行到了风之王埃俄洛斯的小岛。 —

This place too is undefined; we only learn that, even with the most favourable gale, it was ten days’ sail from Ithaca. —
这个地方也没有明确指定；我们只知道，即使有最有利的风，从伊萨卡前往那里也需要十天的航程。 —

In the Isle of Aeolus Odysseus abode for a month, and then received from the king a bag in which all the winds were bound, except that which was to waft the hero to his home. —
Odysseus在Aeolus岛呆了一个月，然后从国王那里得到了一个袋子，里面装着所有的风，除了一股风可以将英雄吹回家乡。 —

This sort of bag was probably not unfamiliar to superstitious Greek sailors who had dealings with witches, like the modern wise women of the Lapps. The companions of the hero opened the bag when Ithaca was in sight, the winds rushed out, the ships were borne back to the Aeolian Isle, and thence the hero was roughly dismissed by Aeolus. —
这种袋子对于与女巫交易的迷信希腊水手可能并不陌生，就像现代拉普兰的智者一样。英雄的同伴们在伊萨卡岛出现的时候打开了袋子，风冲了出来，船被吹回了Aeolian岛，然后英雄被Aeolus粗暴地驱逐。 —

Seven days’ sail brought him to Lamos, a city of the cannibal Laestrygonians. —
七天的航行把他带到了Laestrygonians食人族的城市Lamos。 —

Their country, too, is in No-man’s-land, and nothing can be inferred from the fact that their fountain was called Artacia, and that there was an Artacia in Cyzicus. —
他们的国家也是《无名之地》，从中不能推断出他们的喷泉名叫Artacia，以及Cyzicus也有一个Artacia。 —

In Lamos a very important adventure befel Odysseus. —
在Lamos发生了一件非常重要的事件。 —

The cannibals destroyed all his fleet, save one ship, with which he made his escape to the Isle of Circe. Here the enchantress turned part of the crew into swine, but Odysseus, by aid of the god Hermes, redeemed them, and became the lover of Circe. This adventure, like the story of the Cyclops, is a fairy tale of great antiquity. —
食人族摧毁了他的所有船只，只留下一艘船，他乘坐这艘船逃往Circe岛。在这里，女巫把部分船员变成了猪，但是奥德修斯在女神赫尔墨斯的帮助下救了他们，并成为了Circe的情人。这个冒险故事，就像独眼巨人的故事，是一个非常古老的童话。 —

Dr. Gerland, in his Alt Griechische Marchen in der Odyssee, his shown that the story makes part of the collection of Somadeva, a store of Indian tales, of which 1200 A.D. is the approximate date. —
Gerland博士在他的《奥德赛中的古希腊童话》一书中指出，这个故事是印度故事集Somadeva的一部分，大约在公元1200年左右是其创作日期。 —

Circe appears as a Yackshini, and is conquered when an adventurer seizes her flute whose magic music turns men into beasts. —
Circe出现为Yackshini，只有当冒险家夺过她的笛子，那支笛子的魔力音乐才会把人变成野兽，她才会被征服。 —

The Indian Circe had the habit of eating the animals into which she transformed men.
印度的Circe习惯吃掉被转化成动物的人。

We must suppose that the affairs with the Cicones, the Lotus-eaters, the Cyclops, Aeolus, and the Laestrygonians, occupied most of the first year after the fall of Troy. A year was then spent in the Isle of Circe, after which the sailors were eager to make for home. —
我们可以假设与Cicones，荷叶食人族，独眼巨人，Aeolus和Laestrygonians的事务占据了特洛伊沦陷后的大部分第一年。然后在Circe岛度过了一年，船员们渴望回家。 —

Circe commanded them to go down to Hades, to learn the homeward way from the ghost of the Theban prophet Teiresias. —
Circe命令他们前往地狱，从提利西亚斯的幽灵那里学习回家的路。 —

The descent into hell, for some similar purpose, is common in the epics of other races, such as the Finns, and the South-Sea Islanders. —
为了达到类似的目的，下地狱是其他民族史诗中常见的，比如芬兰人和南海岛民。 —

The narrative of Odysseus’s visit to the dead (book xi) is one of the most moving passages in the whole poem.
Odysseus访问死者的叙述（第十一册）是整部诗中最感人的片段之一。

From Teiresias Odysseus learned that, if he would bring his companions home, he must avoid injuring the sacred cattle of the Sun, which pastured in the Isle of Thrinacia. —
Odysseus从提利西亚斯那里得知，如果他想把同伴们带回家，他必须避免伤害属于太阳神的圣牛，这些牛在Thrinacia岛上放牧。 —

If these were harmed, he would arrive in Ithaca alone, or in the words of the Cyclops’s prayer, I in evil plight, with loss of all his company, on board the ship of strangers, to find sorrow in his house. —
如果这些牛受伤，他将独自抵达伊萨卡，或者用独眼巨人的祈祷来说，我在恶劣的状况下，失去了所有同伴，在陌生人的船上，来到家中会有忧伤。 —

’ On returning to the Isle Aeaean, Odysseus was warned by Circe of the dangers he would encounter. —
在返回爱琴海岛屿时，奥德修斯被西西里警告会遇到危险。 —

He and his friends set forth, escaped the Sirens (a sort of mermaidens), evaded the Clashing Rocks, which close on ships (a fable known to the Aztecs), passed Scylla (the pieuvre of antiquity) with loss of some of the company, and reached Thrinacia, the Isle of the Sun. Here the company of Odysseus, constrained by hunger, devoured the sacred kine of the Sun, for which offence they were punished by a shipwreck, when all were lost save Odysseus. —
他和朋友出发，逃过了塞壬（一种人鱼），避开了会合击船只的克拉什石，经历了失去部分同伴的斯庇拉（古代的八爪鱼），然后到达了太阳岛奥克西尼亚山。在那里，奥德修斯的同伴由于饥饿被迫吞食太阳神的牛，结果他们遭遇了一场海难，除了奥德修斯外全部丧生。 —

He floated ten days on a raft, and then reached the isle of the goddess Calypso, who kept him as her lover for eight years.
他在木排上漂流了十天，然后到达了女神卡吕普索的岛屿，被她保护为她的情人长达八年。

The first two years after the fall of Troy are now accounted for. —
如今特洛伊陷落后的头两年已被解释清楚了。 —

They were occupied, as we have seen, by adventures with the Cicones, the Lotus-eaters, the Cyclops, Aeolus, the Laestrygonians, by a year’s residence with Circe, by the descent into Hades, the encounters with the Sirens, and Scylla, and the fatal sojourn in the isle of Thrinacia. —
正如我们所见，那两年他们经历了与克侬斯、忘餐者、独眼巨人、埃俄洛斯、拉斯特里贡人的冒险，与西西里、塞壬和斯庇拉的相遇，以及在太阳岛的致命逗留。 —

We leave Odysseus alone, for eight years, consuming his own heart, in the island paradise of Calypso.
我们让奥德修斯独自一人在卡吕普索的小岛上消磨了八年的心灵。

In Ithaca, the hero’s home, things seem to have passed smoothly till about the sixth year after the fall of Troy. Then the men of the younger generation, the island chiefs, began to woo Penelope, and to vex her son Telemachus. —
在奥德修斯的家园伊萨卡，事情似乎一直平稳进行，直到特洛伊陷落后大约第六年。那时，年轻一代的男人，岛上的首领们开始向奥德修斯的妻子潘洛普求爱，烦扰她的儿子泰勒玛科斯。 —

Laertes, the father of Odysseus, was too old to help, and Penelope only gained time by her famous device of weaving and unweaving the web. —
奥德修斯的父亲莱阿提斯年纪太大无法帮助，潘洛普只能利用她著名的编织和拆除织物的手法赢得时间。 —

The wooers began to put compulsion on the Queen, quartering themselves upon her, devouring her substance, and insulting her by their relations with her handmaids. —
求爱者们开始强迫皇后，寄宿在她的府邸，吞噬她的财富，并通过与侍女的关系侮辱她。 —

Thus Penelope pined at home, amidst her wasting possessions. —
因此，潘洛普在家中憔悴不堪，身边的家产逐渐减少。 —

Telemachus fretted in vain, and Odysseus was devoured by grief and home-sickness in the isle of Calypso. —
泰勒玛科斯无奈地焦虑不安，奥德修斯在卡吕普索的小岛上苦苦思念家乡。 —

When he had lain there for nigh eight years, the action of the Odyssey begins, and occupies about six weeks.
当他在那里待了将近八年后，奥德修斯的行动开始了，持续约六周。

DAY 1 (Book i).
第一天（第一卷）。

The ordained time has now arrived, when by the counsels of the Gods, Odysseus is to be brought home to free his house, to avenge himself on the wooers, and recover his kingdom. —
现在已经到了命运安排的时候，根据众神的劝告，奥德修斯将被带回家中解救他的家族，向求爱者复仇，夺回王国。 —

The chief agent in his restoration is Pallas Athene; —
在他恢复之中的主要推手是智慧女神雅典娜； —

the first book opens with her prayer to Zeus that Odysseus may be delivered. —
第一本书以她向宙斯的祈祷开篇，希望奥德修斯能够得救。 —

For this purpose Hermes is to be sent to Calypso to bid her release Odysseus, while Pallas Athene in the shape of Mentor, a friend of Odysseus, visits Telemachus in Ithaca. —
为此目的，赫尔墨斯要被派遣去见卡吕普索，命令她释放奥德修斯，而帕拉斯·雅典娜则化身为门托尔，奥德修斯的朋友，在伊萨卡探访忒勒玛科斯。 —

She bids him call an assembly of the people, dismiss the wooers to their homes, and his mother to her father’s house, and go in quest of his own father, in Pylos, the city of Nestor, and Sparta, the home of Menelaus. —
她告诉他召集人民，让追求者们回家，让母亲回到她父亲的家，然后去寻找他自己的父亲，在内斯托尔的城市派洛斯，以及明涅劳斯的家园斯巴达。 —

Telemachus recognises the Goddess, and the first day closes.
忒勒玛科斯认出了女神，第一天结束。

DAY 2 (Book ii).
第二天（第二本书）。

Telemachus assembles the people, but he has not the heart to carry out Athene’s advice. —
忒勒玛科斯召集人民，但他没有勇气执行雅典娜的建议。 —

He cannot send the wooers away, nor turn his mother out of her house. —
他无法开除追求者，也不忍心赶走母亲离开她的房子。 —

He rather weakly appeals to the wooers’ consciences, and announces his intention of going to seek his father. —
他相对软弱地呼吁追求者们的良心，宣布自己打算去寻找父亲。 —

They answer with scorn, but are warned of their fate, which is even at the doors, by Halitherses. —
他们以嘲笑回应，但哈利泰西斯警告说，厄运即将临头。 —

His prophecy (first made when Odysseus set out for Troy) tallies with the prophecy of Teiresias, and the prayer of the Cyclops. —
他的预言（奥德修斯出发去特洛伊时首次提出）与忒瑞西亚斯的预言和独眼巨人的祈祷相吻合。 —

The reader will observe a series of portents, prophecies, and omens, which grow more numerous and admonishing as their doom draws nearer to the wooers. —
读者会注意到一系列预兆、预言和征兆，随着追求者的末日临近，它们变得越来越多且警示性。 —

Their hearts, however, are hardened, and they mock at Telemachus, who, after an interview with Athene, borrows a ship and secretly sets out for Pylos. Athene accompanies him, and his friends man his galley.
然而，他们的心变得顽固，嘲笑忒勒玛科斯，后者在与雅典娜交谈后借了一艘船秘密前往派洛斯。雅典娜与他同行，他的朋友们驾驶他的船。

DAY 3 (Book iii).
第三天（第三本书）。

They reach Pylos, and are kindly received by the aged Nestor, who has no news about Odysseus. —
他们到达派洛斯，受到年迈的内斯托尔的热情接待，但他并没有奥德修斯的消息。 —

After sacrifice, Athene disappears.
祭祀之后，雅典娜消失了。

DAY 4 (Book iii).
第四天（书三）

The fourth day is occupied with sacrifice, and the talk of Nestor. —
第四天用于祭祀，并讲述了内斯托尔的故事。 —

In the evening Telemachus (leaving his ship and friends at Pylos) drives his chariot into Pherae, half way to Sparta; —
在晚上，忒勒马科斯（将他的船和朋友留在派洛斯）开车进入斐里，前往斯巴达的半路； —

Peisistratus, the soil of Nestor, accompanies him.
内斯托尔的儿子裴西斯特拉托斯陪伴着他。

DAY 5 (Book iv).
第五天（书四）

Telemachus and Peisistratus arrive at Sparta, where Menelaus and Helen receive them kindly.
忒勒马科斯和裴西斯特拉托斯抵达斯巴达，梅内劳斯和海伦友善接待他们。

DAY 6 (Book iv).
第六天（书四）

Menelaus tells how he himself came home in the eighth year after the fall of Troy. He had heard from Proteus, the Old Man of the Sea, that Odysseus was alive, and a captive on an island of the deep. —
梅内劳斯讲述了自己在特洛伊陷落后第八年回家的经历。他从海神普罗托斯那里得知奥德修斯还活着，被囚禁在深海的一个岛上。 —

Menelaus invites Telemachus to Stay with him for eleven days or twelve, which Telemachus declines to do. —
梅内劳斯邀请忒勒马科斯和他一起逗留十一或十二天，但忒勒马科斯拒绝了。 —

It will later appear that he made an even longer stay at Sparta, though whether he changed his mind, or whether we have here an inadvertence of the poet’s it is hard to determine. —
后来会发现他在斯巴达逗留的时间更长，不过是他改变了主意，还是诗人的疏忽，很难确定。 —

This blemish has been used as an argument against the unity of authorship, but writers of all ages have made graver mistakes.
这个瑕疵被用作反对统一作者身份的论据，但各个时代的作家都会犯更严重的错误。

On this same day (the sixth) the wooers in Ithaca learned that Telemachus had really set out to I cruise after his father. —
在这一天（第六天），伊萨卡的求婚者得知忒勒马科斯确实动身去寻找父亲的船。 —

’ They sent some of their number to lie in ambush for him, in a certain strait which he was likely to pass on his return to Ithaca. —
他们派遣一些人埋伏等候他，在他返回伊萨卡时可能经过的某处海峡。 —

Penelope also heard of her son’s departure, but was consoled by a dream.
佩奴洛普也听说了她儿子的离开，但被一个梦所安慰。

DAY 7 (Book v).
第七天（书五）

The seventh day finds us again in Olympus. Athene again urges the release of Odysseus; —
第七天我们再次来到奥林匹斯山。雅典娜再次敦促释放奥德修斯； —

and Hermes is sent to bid Calypso let the hero go. —
并派遣赫尔墨斯去告诉卡吕普索放他走。 —

Zeus prophecies that after twenty days sailing, Odysseus will reach Scheria, and the hospitable Phaeacians, a people akin to the Gods, who will convey him to Ithaca. —
宙斯预言奥德修斯航行二十天后将到达斯基利亚岛，那里是好客的费阿基亚人，他们与神祇有亲缘关系，将把他送到伊萨卡。 —

Hermes accomplishes the message to Calypso.
赫尔墨斯成功传达了信息给卡吕普索。

DAYS 8-12-32 (Book v).
第8-12-32天（第五卷）。

These days are occupied by Odysseus in making and launching a raft; —
这些天奥德修斯忙于制作并推出一条筏子； —

on the twelfth day from the beginning of the action he leaves Calypso’s isle. —
从行动开始的第十二天，他离开了卡吕普索的小岛。 —

He sails for eighteen days, and on the eighteenth day of his voyage (the twenty-ninth from the beginning of the action), he sees Scheria. —
他航行了十八天，在航行的第十八天（从行动开始的第二十九天）他看到了斯基利亚。 —

Poseidon raises a storm against him, and it is not till the thirty-second day from that in which Athene visited Telemachus, that he lands in Scheria, the country of the Phaeacians. —
波塞冬卷起风暴对他进行干扰，直到从雅典娜拜访泰勒马克斯的那一天起第三十二天，他才登陆在斯基利亚，费阿基亚人的国家。 —

Here he is again in fairy land. A rough, but perfectly recognisable form of the Phaeacian myth, is found in an Indian collection of marchen (already referred to) of the twelfth century A.D. Here the Phaeacians are the Vidyidhiris, and their old enemies the Cyclopes, are the Rakshashas, a sort of giants. —
在这里他又来到了童话般的国度。一个大致可辨认出的费阿基亚神话形式也在印度12世纪的一个民间故事集中找到。这里的费阿基亚人是维迪迪里斯，而他们的老敌人独眼巨人则是拉克夏萨，一种类似巨人的生物。 —

The Indian Odysseus, who seeks the city of gold, passes by the home of an Indian Aeolus, Satyavrata. His later adventures are confused, and the Greek version retains only the more graceful fancies of the marchen.
印度版的奥德修斯寻找着黄金之城，经过了印度版的埃俄鲁斯，萨蒂亚弗拉塔之家。他后来的冒险经历变得混淆，而希腊版本只保留了这个民间故事中更优雅的幻想。

DAY 33 (Book vi).
第33天（第六卷）。

Odysseus meets Nausicaa, daughter of Alcinous, the Phaeacian King, and by her aid, and that of Athene, is favourably received at the palace, and tells how he came from Calypso’s island. —
奥德修斯遇见阿尔辛诺斯王的女儿诺西卡，通过她和雅典娜的帮助，在王宫受到了善意的接待，并讲述了他是如何从卡吕普索的小岛来的。 —

His name is still unknown to his hosts.
他的名字仍未为东道主所知。

DAY 34 (Books vii, viii, ix, x, xi, xii).
第34天（第七、八、九、十、十一、十二卷）。

The Phaeacians and Odysseus display their skill in sports. Nausicaa bids Odysseus farewell. —
費亞基人和奧德修斯展示他們在運動方面的技巧。諾西卡向奧德修斯告別。 —

Odysseus recounts to Alcinous, and Arete, the Queen, those adventures in the two years between the fall of Troy and his captivity in the island of Calypso, which we have already described (pp. xiii-xvii).
奧德修斯向阿爾辛諾斯和王后阿瑞特講述了特洛伊陷落後到困於卡吕普索島之間的兩年冒險，我們已經描述過了。

DAY 35 (Book xiii).
第35天 (第十三卷)。

Odysseus is conveyed to Ithaca, in the evening, on one of the magical barques of the Phaeacians.
奧德修斯傍晚被帶到伊斯特卡，乘坐了費亞基人的神奇小船之一。

DAY 36 (Books xiii, xiv, xv).
第36天 (第十三、十四、十五卷)。

He wakens in Ithaca, which he does not at first recognise He learns from Athene, for the first time, that the wooers beset his house. —
他在伊斯特卡醒來，一開始並未認出來。他第一次從雅典娜那裡得知，求婚者們包圍著他的房子。 —

She disguises him as an old man, and bids him go to the hut of the swineherd Eumaeus, who is loyal to his absent lord. —
她把他偽裝成一個老人，並命令他去找忠於他的主人的豬倌厄馬俄斯。 —

Athene then goes to Lacedaemon, to bring back Telemachus, who has now resided there for a month. —
然後，雅典娜前往拉剛，帶回了此時已經在那裡居住了一個月的忒勒马科斯。 —

Odysseus won the heart of Eumaeus, who of course did not recognise him, and slept in the swineherd’s hut, while Athene was waking Telemachus, in Lacedaemon, and bidding him ‘be mindful of his return.’
奧德修斯贏得了艾乌玛俄斯的好感，當然他沒有認出他，並在豬倌的小屋裡睡著，與此同時，雅典娜正在拉剛唤醒忒勒马科斯，并吩咐他要“牢记他的歸來”。

DAY 37 (Book xv).
第37天 (第十五卷)。

Is spent by Odysseus in the swineherd’s hut. Telemachus reaches Pherae, half-way to Pylos.
奧德修斯在豬倌的小屋度過。忒勒马科斯到達了靠近派洛斯的菲瑞。

DAY 38 (Book xv).
第38天 (第十五卷)。

Telemachus reaches Pylos, but does not visit Nestor. —
忒勒马科斯到達派洛斯，但沒有拜訪涅斯托爾。 —

To save time he goes at once on board ship, taking with him an unfortunate outlaw, Theoclymenus, a second-sighted man, or the family of Melampus, in which the gift of prophecy was hereditary. —
为了节省时间，他立即乘船前往，帶著一個不幸的流亡者忒欧克勒涅默斯，這是一個有預知能力的人，或者是梅兰普斯家族，在那裡預言的天賦是世襲的。 —

The ship passed the Elian coast at night, and evaded the ambush of the wooers. —
船在夜間經過厄利亞海岸，避開了求婚者的伏擊。 —

Meanwhile Odysseus was sitting up almost till dawn, listening to the history of Eumaeus, the swineherd.
同时奥德修斯坐了起来，几乎到天亮，倾听着猪倌厄墨俄斯的故事。

DAY 39 (Books xv, xvi).
第39天（第十五、十六卷）。

Telemachus reaches the Isle of Ithaca, sends his ship to the city, but himself, by advice of Athene, makes for the hut of Eumaeus, where he meets, but naturally does not recognise, his disguised father. —
泰勒玛科斯抵达伊斯特卡岛，将自己的船送往城市，但根据雅典娜的建议，他前往厄墨俄斯的小屋，在那里遇到了假扮成的父亲，却未认出。 —

He sends Eumaeus to Penelope with news of his arrival, and then Athene reveals Odysseus to Telemachus. —
他派厄墨俄斯去彭洛佩那里报告自己的到来，然后雅典娜将奥德修斯展现给泰勒玛科斯。 —

The two plot the death of the wooers. Odysseus bids Telemachus remove, on a favourable opportunity, the arms which were disposed as trophies on the walls of the hall at home. —
两人密谋除掉求婚者。奥德修斯命泰勒玛科斯在一个适当的机会移走被挂在家中大厅墙上的武器。 —

(There is a slight discrepancy between the words of this advice and the manner in which it is afterwards executed. —
（这些建议的字句与后来执行的方式之间存在少许出入。 —

) During this interview, the ship of Telemachus, the wooers who had been in ambush, and Eumaeus, all reached the town of Ithaca. —
）在这次会面期间，泰勒玛科斯的船、埋伏在城市的求婚者以及厄墨俄斯都到了伊斯特卡镇。 —

In the evening Eumaeus returned to his hut, where Athene had again disguised Odysseus.
傍晚，厄墨俄斯回到自己的小屋，雅典娜再次假扮成奥德修斯。

DAY 40 (Books xvii, xviii, xix, xx).
第40天（第十七、十八、十九、二十卷）。

The story is now hastening to its close, and many events are crowded into the fortieth day. —
故事现在步入尾声，许多事件被挤压在第四十天内。 —

Telemachus goes from the swineherd’s hut to the city, and calls his guest, Theoclymenus, to the palace. —
泰勒玛科斯离开猪倌的小屋前往城市，并将自己的客人忒克勒缪诺斯召至宫殿。 —

The second-sighted man prophesies of the near revenge of Odysseus. —
这位预见未来的人预言奥德修斯即将复仇。 —

In the afternoon, Odysseus (still disguised) and Eumaeus reach the city, the dog Argos recognises the hero, and dies. —
下午时分，奥德修斯（依然假扮）和厄墨俄斯抵达城市，狗阿尔戈斯认出英雄，随即离世。 —

Odysseus goes begging through his own hall, and is struck by Antinous, the proudest of the wooers. —
奥德修斯走遍自己的大厅乞讨，被求婚者中最傲慢的安提诺斯打击。 —

Late in the day Eumaeus goes home, and Odysseus fights with the braggart beggar Irus. Still later, Penelope appears among the wooers, and receives presents from them. —
当天晚些时候，厄墨俄斯回家，奥德修斯与吹牛逼的乞丐伊鲁斯搏斗。更晚些时候，彭洛佩出现在求婚者中间，并收到他们的礼物。 —

When the wooers have withdrawn, Odysseus and Telemachus remove the weapons from the hall to the armoury. —
当求爱者们撤退后，奥德修斯和忒勒玛科斯将大厅的武器搬到军械库。 —

Afterwards Odysseus has an interview with Penelope (who does not recognise him), but he is recognised by his old nurse Eurycleia. —
之后奥德修斯与裴涅洛普进行了一次面谈（裴涅洛普未能认出他），但被他的老护士尤瑞克莱亚认出。 —

Penelope mentions her purpose to wed the man who on the following day, the feast of the Archer-god Apollo, shall draw the bow of Odysseus, and send an arrow through the holes in twelve axe-blades, set up in a row. —
裴涅洛普提到她计划嫁给那个在即将来临的射手神阿波罗的节日，挽舟大发神怒，在十二把斧头的缝隙中射中一支箭的人。 —

Thus the poet shows that Odysseus has arrived in Ithaca not a day too soon. —
这位诗人表明奥德修斯刚好在伊塔卡抵达。 —

Odysseus is comforted by a vision of Athene, and
奥德修斯通过雅典娜的幻象得到了安慰，

DAY 41 (Books xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii).
第41天（第二十，二十一，二十二，二十三卷）。

by the ominous prayer uttered by a weary woman grinding at the mill. —
通过磨磨蹭蹭的女人祈祷的不祥之祷。 —

The swineherd and the disloyal Melanthius arrive at the palace. —
牧羊人和背叛者梅兰修斯来到宫殿。 —

The wooers defer the plot to kill Telemachus, as the day is holy to Apollo. —
求爱者们推迟谋杀忒勒玛科斯的计划，因为那一天是阿波罗的圣日。 —

Odysseus is led up from his seat near the door to a place beside Telemachus at the chief’s table. —
奥德修斯被引到门旁的座位，坐在忒勒玛科斯旁边的主桌上。 —

The wooers mock Telemachus, and the second-sighted Theoclymenus sees the ominous shroud of death covering their bodies, and the walls dripping with blood. —
求爱者们嘲笑忒勒玛科斯，而有预知之能力的西克利门努斯看到死亡的幕布覆盖他们的身体，墙壁上滴着血。 —

He leaves the doomed company. In the trial of the bow, none of the wooers can draw it; —
他离开了注定要灭亡的公司。在弓箭的试炼中，求爱者们没有人能拉动它； —

meanwhile Odysseus has declared himself to the neatherd and the swineherd. —
与此同时，奥德修斯向放牛人和牧羊人透露了他的身份。 —

The former bars and fastens the outer gates of the court, the latter bids Eurycleia bar the doors of the womens’ chambers which lead out of the hall. —
放牛人锁好并扣上庭院的外门，牧羊人命令尤瑞克莱亚锁好从大厅通往女室的门。 —

Odysseus now gets the bow into his hands, strings it, sends the arrow through the axe-blades, and then leaping on the threshold of stone, deals his shafts among the wooers. —
奥德修斯现在拿起弓，上弦，将箭射过斧头的缝隙，然后跃上石门槛，向求爱者们发射箭矢。 —

Telemachus, the neatherd, and Eumaeus, aiding him, he slaughters all the crew, despite the treachery of Melanthius. —
Telemachus、牧人和尤梅乌斯帮助他，屠杀了所有的船员，尽管梅兰修斯的背叛。 —

The paramours of the wooers are hanged, and Odysseus, after some delay, is recognised by Penelope.
使求婚者的情妇被绞死后，奥德修斯在一段延迟后被彭洛普认出。

DAY 42 (Books xxiii, xxiv).
第42天（第二十三、二十四卷）。

This day is occupied with the recognition of Odysseus by his aged father Laertes, and with the futile attempt of the kinsfolk of the wooers to avenge them on Odysseus. —
这一天被用来描写奥德修斯被年迈的父亲拉尔忒斯认出，以及求婚者的亲属对奥德修斯的复仇企图未遂。 —

Athene reconciles the feud, and the toils of Odysseus are accomplished.
阿蒂娜调和了争端，奥德修斯的艰苦奋斗告一段落。

The reader has now before him a chronologically arranged sketch of the action of the Odyssey. —
读者现在了解了《奥德赛》行动的一个按时间顺序排列的概述。 —

It is, perhaps, apparent, even from this bare outline, that the composition is elaborate and artistic, that the threads of the plot are skilfully separated and combined. —
即使是这个简略的概要也可以看出，这部作品是精心设计和艺术性的，情节线索被巧妙地分离和结合。 —

The germ of the whole epic is probably the popular tale, known all over the world, of the warrior who, on his return from a long expedition, has great difficulty in making his prudent wife recognise him. —
整部史诗的起源可能是世界各地通行的一个流传很久的故事，讲述一个战士在长途远征归来后，面临着让他聪明的妻子认出他的巨大困难。 —

The incident occurs as a detached story in China, and in most European countries it is told of a crusader. —
这个事件在中国出现作为一个独立的故事，而在大部分欧洲国家则是关于一位十字军的传说。 —

‘We may suppose it to be older than the legend of Troy, and to have gravitated into the cycle of that legend. —
我们可以假设这个故事比特洛伊传说更古老，后来被吸入了这个传说的循环中。 —

The years of the hero’s absence are then filled up with adventures (the Cyclops, Circe, the Phaeacians, the Sirens, the descent into hell) which exist as scattered tales, or are woven into the more elaborate epics of Gaels, Aztecs, Hindoos, Tartars, South-Sea Islanders, Finns, Russians, Scandinavians, and Eskimo. —
英雄离开的岁月都被填满了冒险（独眼巨人、西西里、费亚基亚人、塞壬、下地狱），这些都是散见的故事，或被编织进盖尔人、阿兹特克人、印度人、鞑靼人、南海岛民、芬兰人、俄罗斯人、斯堪的纳维亚人和爱斯基摩人更精细的史诗中。 —

The whole is surrounded with the atmosphere of the kingly age of Greece, and the result is the Odyssey, with that unity of plot and variety of character which must have been given by one masterly constructive genius. —
整部作品贯穿了希腊王国的氛围，结果便是《奥德赛》，具有情节的统一性和角色的多样性，这些必定是由一个高超的建构天才赋予的。 —

The date at which the poet of the Odyssey lived may be approximately determined by his consistent descriptions of a peculiar and definite condition of society, which had ceased to exist in the ninth century B.C., and of a stage of art in which Phoenician and Assyrian influences predominated. —
《奥德赛》的诗人生活的日期可以通过他对特定明确的社会现状的一贯描述来近似确定，在九世纪前的某个时期这种社会已经不复存在，并且艺术的阶段是受到腓尼基和亚述的影响为主的。 —

(Die Kunst bei Homer. Brunn.) As to the mode of composition, it would not be difficult to show that at least the a priori Wolfian arguments against the early use of writing for literary purposes have no longer the cogency which they were once thought to possess. —
（在荷马《奥德赛》中的艺术。布伦）至于作品的创作方式，不难证明沃尔夫最初对于早期写作被用于文学目的的论点已经不再有以往认为的说服力。 —

But this is matter for a separate investigation.
但这是一个独立调查的问题。