LIFE IN THE ARMY.
军队中的生活。

After that Nekhludoff did not see Katusha for more than three years. —
之后涅赫鲁多夫三年多没有见到卡秋莎。 —

When he saw her again he had just been promoted to the rank of officer and was going to join his regiment. —
当他再次见到她时，他刚被提升为军官，准备加入他的团。 —

On the way he came to spend a few days with his aunts, being now a very different young man from the one who had spent the summer with them three years before. —
在路上，他去拜访他的几位姑妈，现在他已经是一个与三年前与她们共度夏天的年轻人截然不同。 —

He then had been an honest, unselfish lad, ready to sacrifice himself for any good cause; —
那时他还是一个诚实、无私的小伙子，愿意为任何正义事业牺牲自己； —

now he was depraved and selfish, and thought only of his own enjoyment. —
现在他堕落自私，只想着自己的享乐。 —

Then God’s world seemed a mystery which he tried enthusiastically and joyfully to solve; —
那时上帝的世界似乎是一个他热情而欢乐地试图解决的神秘之地； —

now everything in life seemed clear and simple, defined by the conditions of the life he was leading. —
现在生活中的一切似乎是清晰而简单的，受到他所处生活条件的界定。 —

Then he had felt the importance of, and had need of intercourse with, nature, and with those who had lived and thought and felt before him–philosophers and poets. —
那时他感到与自然以及那些在他之前生活、思考和感受过的人之间的交往的重要性和必要性–哲学家和诗人。 —

What he now considered necessary and important were human institutions and intercourse with his comrades. —
他如今认为必要和重要的是人类制度和与战友的交往。 —

Then women seemed mysterious and charming–charming by the very mystery that enveloped them; —
那时女人们看起来神秘而迷人–由于包围着她们的神秘而更加迷人； —

now the purpose of women, all women except those of his own family and the wives of his friends, was a very definite one: —
现在女人的目的，除了自己家人和朋友的妻子之外的所有女人，是非常明确的： —

women were the best means towards an already experienced enjoyment. —
女人是已经体验过的享乐的最好方式。 —

Then money was not needed, and he did not require even one-third of what his mother allowed him; —
那时钱不是必需的，他甚至不需要他母亲给他的每月1500卢布的三分之一； —

but now this allowance of 1,500 roubles a month did not suffice, and he had already had some unpleasant talks about it with his mother.
但如今这笔津贴已经不够用了，他已经与母亲有过一些令人不快的谈话。

Then he had looked on his spirit as the I; —
然后他将他的精神视为”我”； —

now it was his healthy strong animal I that he looked upon as himself.
现在他将他健康强壮的动物性的”我”视为自己。

And all this terrible change had come about because he had ceased to believe himself and had taken to believing others. —
所有这可怕的变化发生是因为他停止了相信自己，开始相信别人。 —

This he had done because it was too difficult to live believing one’s self; —
他这样做是因为相信自己太困难了； —

believing one’s self, one had to decide every question not in favour of one’s own animal life, which is always seeking for easy gratifications, but almost in every case against it. —
相信自己，就必须在几乎每个问题上不利于自己的动物生活做决定，动物生活总是寻求轻松满足，但几乎每次都要作出相反的决定。 —

Believing others there was nothing to decide; —
相信别人就不需要做任何决定； —

everything had been decided already, and decided always in favour of the animal I and against the spiritual. —
一切都已经决定了，而且总是对动物性的”我”有利，而不利于精神。 —

Nor was this all. Believing in his own self he was always exposing himself to the censure of those around him; —
这还不够。相信自己总是使自己暴露在周围人的指责之下； —

believing others he had their approval. So, when Nekhludoff had talked of the serious matters of life, of God, truth, riches, and poverty, all round him thought it out of place and even rather funny, and his mother and aunts called him, with kindly irony, notre cher philosophe. —
相信别人则会得到他们的赞许。所以，当涅赫卢多夫谈论生活的严肃问题，如上帝、真理、财富和贫困时，周围的人都觉得不合适，甚至有点好笑，他的母亲和姑姑们都用和蔼的讽刺称他为，我们亲爱的哲学家。 —

But when he read novels, told improper anecdotes, went to see funny vaudevilles in the French theatre and gaily repeated the jokes, everybody admired and encouraged him. —
但当他读小说，讲不检点的笑话，去法国剧院看滑稽的歌舞剧，开心地重复笑话时，每个人都欣赏和鼓励他。 —

When he considered it right to limit his needs, wore an old overcoat, took no wine, everybody thought it strange and looked upon it as a kind of showing off; —
当他认为有必要限制自己的需求，穿着旧大衣，不喝酒时，每个人都觉得奇怪，认为这是一种炫耀； —

but when he spent large sums on hunting, or on furnishing a peculiar and luxurious study for himself, everybody admired his taste and gave him expensive presents to encourage his hobby. —
但当他花大笔钱打猎，或为自己布置了一个独特豪华的书房时，每个人都欣赏他的品味，并送他昂贵的礼物鼓励他的爱好。 —

While he kept pure and meant to remain so till he married his friends prayed for his health, and even his mother was not grieved but rather pleased when she found out that he had become a real man and had gained over some French woman from his friend. —
当他保持纯洁并打算一直保持纯洁直到结婚，他的朋友们为他祈祷健康，甚至他的母亲发现他从朋友那里赢得了一位法国女人也并非悲伤而是高兴。 —

(As to the episode with Katusha, the princess could not without horror think that he might possibly have married her. —
(至于与卡秋莎的插曲，公主想到他可能娶了她就感到恐惧。 —

) In the same way, when Nekhludoff came of age, and gave the small estate he had inherited from his father to the peasants because he considered the holding of private property in land wrong, this step filled his mother and relations with dismay and served as an excuse for making fun of him to all his relatives. —
)同样，当涅赫卢多夫成年时，将从父亲那里继承的小庄园赠给农民，因为他认为私有土地所有是错误的，这一举动让他的母亲和亲戚们感到惊愕，并成为借口拿他取笑向他的所有亲戚们。 —

He was continually told that these peasants, after they had received the land, got no richer, but, on the contrary, poorer, having opened three public-houses and left off doing any work. —
他经常被告知，这些农民在获得土地后并没有变得更富裕，相反，变得更穷了，他们开了三家酒吧，不再做任何工作。 —

But when Nekhludoff entered the Guards and spent and gambled away so much with his aristocratic companions that Elena Ivanovna, his mother, had to draw on her capital, she was hardly pained, considering it quite natural and even good that wild oats should be sown at an early age and in good company, as her son was doing. —
但当涅赫卢多夫进入近卫军，并与他的贵族同伴一起挥霍和赌博，以至于他的母亲叶连娜·伊万诺夫娜不得不动用资本时，她几乎没有感到痛苦，认为儿子在年轻时与优质的同伴一起撒些野种子是相当自然的，甚至是好的。 —

At first Nekhludoff struggled, but all that he had considered good while he had faith in himself was considered bad by others, and what he had considered evil was looked upon as good by those among whom he lived, and the struggle grew too hard. —
起初，涅赫卢多夫努力奋斗，但在以前自信时他认为是好的东西，而在别人看来却是坏的；而他认为是邪恶的，在他周围的人看来是好的，这场斗争变得太艰难。 —

And at last Nekhludoff gave in, i.e., left off believing himself and began believing others. —
最后，涅赫卢多夫屈服了，即，不再相信自己，而开始相信他人。 —

At first this giving up of faith in himself was unpleasant, but it did not long continue to be so. —
起初，放弃对自己的信任是不愉快的，但这种感觉并没有持续太久。 —

At that time he acquired the habit of smoking, and drinking wine, and soon got over this unpleasant feeling and even felt great relief.
他那时养成了抽烟和喝酒的习惯，很快就摆脱了这种不愉快的感觉，甚至感到很大的宽慰。

Nekhludoff, with his passionate nature, gave himself thoroughly to the new way of life so approved of by all those around, and he entirely stifled the inner voice which demanded something different. —
涅赫卢多夫，凭着他激烈的天性，充分投入到周围所有人都赞同的新生活方式中，他完全压制了内心要求不同的声音。 —

This began after he moved to St. Petersburg, and reached its highest point when he entered the army.
这开始于他搬到圣彼得堡之后，当他进入军队时达到了最高点。

Military life in general depraves men. It places them in conditions of complete idleness, i. —
军事生活总是败坏人的。它把他们置于完全空闲的条件下，即缺少所有有益的工作；让他们摆脱常见人类的义务，用荣誉、制服、旗帜代替，而这些只是为了军队、制服、旗帜的荣誉； —

e., absence of all useful work; frees them of their common human duties, which it replaces by merely conventional ones to the honour of the regiment, the uniform, the flag; —
一方面给予他们对其他人的绝对权力，另一方面使他们处于对高级军官的屈从状况中。 —

and, while giving them on the one hand absolute power over other men, also puts them into conditions of servile obedience to those of higher rank than themselves.
但当除了军队服役所带来的败坏影响——荣誉、制服、旗帜、允许的暴力和谋杀——还加入了富裕和接近皇室成员以及与他们互动的败坏影响时，就像在近卫军这样的特选团中，所有官员都富有并来自好家庭，这种败坏影响给那些屈从于它的人造成了一种完美的利己狂。

But when, to the usual depraving influence of military service with its honours, uniforms, flags, its permitted violence and murder, there is added the depraving influence of riches and nearness to and intercourse with members of the Imperial family, as is the case in the chosen regiment of the Guards in which all the officers are rich and of good family, then this depraving influence creates in the men who succumb to it a perfect mania of selfishness. —
这种利己狂从涅赫卢多夫进入军队并开始过着与他的同伴一样的生活时就开始攻击他。 —

And this mania of selfishness attacked Nekhludoff from the moment he entered the army and began living in the way his companions lived. —
他完全没有任何职业，只需要穿着由别人精心制作和熨烫的华丽制服，手里的武器也是由别人制造和打理好的，骑着一匹被别人繁殖、驯化和喂养的漂亮马参加检阅。 —

He had no occupation whatever except to dress in a uniform, splendidly made and well brushed by other people, and, with arms also made and cleaned and handed to him by others, ride to reviews on a fine horse which had been bred, broken in and fed by others. —
在那里，与其他同样的人一起，他不得不挥舞一把剑，开枪，教导其他人做同样的事情。 —

There, with other men like himself, he had to wave a sword, shoot off guns, and teach others to do the same. —
这样，涅赫卢多夫从进入军队开始，并开始过着他的同伴生活的方式时，就受到了自私狂的影响。 —

He had no other work, and the highly-placed persons, young and old, the Tsar and those near him, not only sanctioned his occupation but praised and thanked him for it.
他没有其他的工作，那些地位高的人，无论是年轻人还是老年人，包括沙皇和他的亲信，不仅默许了他的职业，还赞扬和感谢他。

After this was done, it was thought important to eat, and particularly to drink, in officers’ clubs or the salons of the best restaurants, squandering large sums of money, which came from some invisible source; —
事情做完后，人们觉得重要的是去军官俱乐部或最好餐厅的沙龙里吃饭，尤其是喝酒，挥霍大量的金钱，这些金钱源自某种看不见的来源； —

then theatres, ballets, women, then again riding on horseback, waving of swords and shooting, and again the squandering of money, the wine, cards, and women. —
然后是剧院、芭蕾舞，女人，然后再是骑马、挥舞剑，射击，再是挥霍金钱、喝酒、打牌、和女人。 —

This kind of life acts on military men even more depravingly than on others, because if any other than a military man lead such a life he cannot help being ashamed of it in the depth of his heart. —
这种生活方式对军人的腐蚀作用甚至比其他人更大，因为如果不是军人在过这样的生活，他就会在内心深处感到羞耻。 —

A military man is, on the contrary, proud of a life of this kind especially at war time, and Nekhludoff had entered the army just after war with the Turks had been declared. —
相反，军人会为这种生活方式感到骄傲，尤其是在战争时期，涅赫卢多夫刚刚在对土耳其宣战后加入了军队。 —

“We are prepared to sacrifice our lives at the wars, and therefore a gay, reckless life is not only pardonable, but absolutely necessary for us, and so we lead it.”
“我们准备牺牲生命去参加战争，因此这种快乐、放纵的生活对我们来说不仅可以原谅，而且绝对必要，于是我们过着这种生活。”

Such were Nekhludoff’s confused thoughts at this period of his existence, and he felt all the time the delight of being free of the moral barriers he had formerly set himself. —
涅赫卢多夫这个时期的困惑的思想就是这样，他一直感受到从前设定给自己的道德障碍中解放出来的愉悦。 —

And the state he lived in was that of a chronic mania of selfishness. —
他生活在一种慢性自私狂躁的状态中。 —

He was in this state when, after three years’ absence, he came again to visit his aunts.
当他三年后再次来探望他的姨母们时，他就处于这种状态。